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The Grande Ludovisi Sarcophagus

The front of the sarcophagus shows a battle scene between Roman soldiers and Germans.  The Germans have distinctive clothing, beards, and hairstyles that distinguishes them from the cleanshaven Romans.   This work has been dated to ca. 250 A.D.  The Roman on horse back in the center-top has been identified with Hostilian, son of the emperor Decius, who died in 252 A.D.    Click on various parts of the picture for a closer view.

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Another Roman sarcophagus depicts a battle between Romans and Germans.  It is slightly earlier.